The Radioactivity Monitoring of Drinking Water Consumed in the Northern Basrah Governorate, Iraq, Using TLD-200
Keywords:
Gamma radiation, Thermoluminescence;, Drinking Water, Basrah GovernorateAbstract
Nine drinking water samples of different stations were collected from Northern Basrah governorate. The radioactivity assessment of drinking water was achieved by using thermoluminescence technique applying calcium fluoride dysprosium dosimeters (TLD-200). The lowest values of gamma absorbed dose was 0.0001 mSv/y, while the maximum result of gamma absorbed dose 0.021 mSv/y. Annual effective dose equivalent and excess lifetime cancer risk have been calculated for all drinking water samples. All outcomes have been recorded to be lower than the standard values. Thus, drinking water samples of different stations are harmless to be consumed in Northern Basrah city
Downloads
References
F. N. Chaudhry and M. Malik, "Factors affecting water pollution: a review," J. Ecosyst. Ecography, vol. 7, pp. 225-231, 2017.DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7625.1000225.
N. Getoff, "Factors influencing the efficiency of radiation-induced degradation of water pollutants," Radiation Physics and Chemistry, vol. 65, pp. 437-446, 2002.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-806x(02)00342-0.
W. H. Organization, Guidelines for drinking-water quality: incorporating the first and second addenda: World Health Organization, 2022.
M. A. N. Azman, P. S. Goh, A. F. Ismail, K. Jamaluddin, K. Y. Wong, and A. S. Sahril, "Forward Osmosis as a Contemporary Treatment Solution for Mitigating Radionuclide Pollution in Water Bodies," Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, p. 112542, 2024.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2024.112542.
M. F. Cheira, A. S. Ahmed, and E. A. Elshehy, "Advances of 2D nanostructure-based membranes for water treatment and radioactive pollutants removal," in Functionalization of Two-Dimensional Materials and Their Applications, ed: Elsevier, 2024, pp. 209-270.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-89955-0.00004-2.
S. Bochynska, A. Duszewska, M. Maciejewska-Jeske, M. Wrona, A. Szeliga, M. Budzik, A. Szczesnowicz, G. Bala, M. Trzcinski, and B. Meczekalski, "The impact of water pollution on the health of older people," Maturitas, vol. 185, p. 107981, 2024.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107981.
S. S. Khasanova and M. A. Saydulgerieva, "Environmental pollution and implementation of sustainable development goals," in BIO Web of Conferences, 2024, p. 06007
R. C. A. Hail and S. A. Talib, "Measurement of environmental radioactivity for estimation of radiation Exposure from surface water in the Basrah Governorate," Journal of Basrah Researches ((Sciences)), vol. 46, 2020
A. Alsalihi and R. Abualhiall, "Estimation of Radiation Doses, Hazard Indices and Excess Life Time Cancer Risk in Dry Legumes Consumed in Basrah Governorate/Iraq," J. Pharm. Sci. Res., vol. 11, pp. 1340-1346, 2019
R. A. Alhiall and A.-A. Alsalihi, "Radiation dosimetry of some rice types consumed in Basrah Governorate/Iraq by using thermoluminescence technique and SAM940-2G," Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 16, pp. 6579-6586, 17 December 2018 2018.DOI: 10.1007/s13762-018-2176-y
R. Abualhail, A. A. Abbas, and A. Alsalihi, "Measurement of Radioactivity in Flour and Macaroni Consumed in Basrah Governorate, Iraq and Evaluation of Gamma Dose Rates, Radiological Hazard Indices, Excess Life Time Cancer Risk and Ingestion Effective Dose," J. Basra. Res. (Sci.), vol. 43, pp. 58-69, 2017
I. Fatima, J. Zaidi, M. Arif, and S. Tahir, "Measurement of natural radioactivity in bottled drinking water in Pakistan and consequent dose estimates," Radiat. Prot. Dosim., vol. 123, pp. 234-240, 2007.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncl093.
E. Ehsanpour, M. R. Abdi, M. Mostajaboddavati, and H. Bagheri, "226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K contents in water samples in part of central deserts in Iran and their potential radiological risk to human population," J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng., vol. 12, pp. 1-7, 2014.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-336x-12-80.
S. Yeasmin, A. Begum, A. Rahman, S. M. Hossain, and M. M. Akramuzzaman, "Distribution of Environmental Radioactivity in Drinking water Samples of the Surrounding Area of proposed Rooppur Nuclear plant in Bangladesh," Jahangirnagar Univ. Environ. Bull., vol. 1, pp. 35-39, 2012.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v1i0.14545.
A. A. Fakeha, S. Q. Hamidalddin, and Z. M. Alamoudy, "Concentrations of natural radioactivity and their contribution to the absorbed dose from water samples from the Western Province, Saudi Arabia," J. King Saud Univ. Sci, vol. 148, pp. 1-28, 2011.DOI: https://doi.org/10.4197/sci.23-2.2.
N. Ahmad, M. Rafique, and T. Nasir, "Age-dependent annual effective dose estimations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 222Rn from drinking water in Baling, Malaysia," Water Sci. Technol.: Water Supply, vol. 18, pp. 32-39, 2018.doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.094
H. Cember and T. E. Johnson. (2009). Introduction to Health Physics (Fourth ed.). Available: www.mhprofessional.comdoi: 10.1063/1.2916417.
M. M. Isam Salih, H. BL Pettersson, and E. Lund, "Uranium and thorium series radionuclides in drinking water from drilled bedrock wells: correlation to geology and bedrock radioactivity and dose estimation," Radiat. Prot. Dosim., vol. 102, pp. 249-258, 2002.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a006093.
R. M. Ramadhan, A. Al-Salihi, and A. H. Khalaf, "Measurement of radiological baseline data of the hazard radiation in bottled drinking water samples in Basrah/Iraq," Basrah Journal of Science, vol. 38, pp. 544-558, 2020
V. Mejdahl, "Thermoluminescence Dating of Ancient Danish Ceramics," Archaeometry, vol. 11 p. 99 to 104, 1969.DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-4754.1969.tb00632.x
R. C. Abul-Hail, "Radiation Dosimetry of Food Salt and its Possible Use as a TL Dosimeter," PhD, Physics, University of Basrah, Basrah/Iraq, 2009
International Atomic Energy Agency, "Measurement of Radionuclides in Food and the Environment " International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA), Vienna 295, 1989.DOI: 10.18356/c316b91d-en.
C. Furetta, Handbook of Thermoluminescence, Second ed.: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., 2010.DOI: 10.1142/7187.
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation vol. 1. United Nations, New York: United Nations Sales Publication, 2000.DOI: https://doi.org/10.18356/f48d655d-en.
International Commission on Radiological Protection, "ICRP publication 103," Ann. ICRP, vol. 37, pp. 1-34, 2007
H. Taskin, M. Karavus, P. Ay, A. Topuzoglu, S. Hidiroglu, and G. Karahan, "Radionuclide concentrations in soil and lifetime cancer risk due to gamma radioactivity in Kirklareli, Turkey," J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 100, pp. 49-53, 2009.DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.10.012.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Basrah Researches Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
