Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Profiles in Four Muscle Regions of Local and Ross 308 Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus).

Authors

  • Baidaa Jabbar Thabt Al Saad Department of Biology, College of Education, Al-Qurna, Biology, University of Basrah, Iraq.
  • Akeil J. Mansour Department of Biology, College of Education, Al-Qurna, Biology, University of Basrah, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56714/bjrs.51.2.2

Keywords:

Gallus Gallus, Broiler Chicken, Meat Quality, Muscles, Amino Acids

Abstract

Poultry meat is very important in the human diet due to the high content of amino acids, which are essential for growth. This study was therefore intended to establish the ratios of amino acids in four muscle parts—pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, femoral, and gastrocnemius (legs)—of both local (Gallus gallus) and imported broiler chickens (Gallus gallus Ross 308). Three different weights (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg) of chicken were used. The samples were collected from July to September 2024. According to the present results, 16 amino acids were analyzed and provided as essential (8) and non-essential (8) amino acids. The essential amino acids provided were arginine, lysine, threonine, isoleucine, methionine, histidine, leucine, and phenylalanine, and the non-essential were aspartic, serine, alanine, glutamic, tyrosine, glycine, cysteine, and proline. The present results indicated that in both strains at all weights, isoleucine statistically had the lowest percentage of amino acids in the studied muscles. Unlike in isoleucine, arginine, and glutamic acid had the highest percentages statistically in both species. Whereas in the local species, the percentage of this amino acid was higher than that in the imported species. G. gallus. Amino acids in poultry play a vital role in the human diet

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] T. M., Mukhtaralievna &, R. M. Mukhtoralievna, "Poultry meat and its processed products," American Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 2(10), 35-40.(2022). DOI:https://doi.org/10.37547/ajast/Volume02Issue10-06.

[2] A. Okruszek, J. Wołoszyn, G. Haraf, A. Orkusz, & M. Wereńska, (2013). Chemical composition and amino acid profiles of goose muscles from native Polish breeds. Poultry Science, 92(4), 1127-1133.‏DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02486. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02486

[3] S. A. Jilo, & L. A. Hasan, "The Importance of Poultry Meat in Medicine: A Review," Journal of World's Poultry Research, 12(4), 258-262. (2022). DOI:https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2022.28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36380/jwpr.2022.28

[4] ‏Lopez, M. J., & Mohiuddin, S. S. (2024). Biochemistry, essential amino acids. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2017.03.021

[5] C. B. Newgard, J. An, J. R. Bain, M. J. Muehlbauer, R. D. Stevens, L. F. Lien, ... & L. P. Svetkey, "A branched-chain amino acid-related metabolic signature that differentiates obese and lean humans and contributes to insulin resistance," Cell metabolism, 9(4), 311-326.‏ (2009). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2009.02.002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2009.02.002

[6] M. Neinast, D. Murashige, & Z. Arany, "Branched chain amino acids," Annual review of physiology, 81(1), 139-164. (2019). DOI:‏ https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114455

[7] D. L. Plotkin, K. Delcastillo, D. W. Van Every, K. D. Tipton, A. A. Aragon, & B. J. Schoenfeld, "Isolated leucine and branched-chain amino acid supplementation for enhancing muscular strength and hypertrophy: A narrative review," International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 31(3), 292-301.‏ (2021). DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14235069. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0356

[8] A. Dalle Zotte, E. Gleeson, D. Franco, M. Cullere, & J. M. Lorenzo, "Proximate composition, amino acid profile, and oxidative stability of slow-growing indigenous chickens compared with commercial broiler chickens," Foods, 9(5), 546. (2020). DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050546

[9] A. Gheorghe, M. Hăbeanu, N. A. Lefter, R. P. Turcu, M. Tudorache, & I. Custură, "Evaluation of muscle chemical and amino acids composition in broiler chicks fed sorghum or sorghum-pea diets," Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 23(04), eRBCA-2021.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2021-1447

[10] J.M. Sulaiman, N. Al-Awaimer, A.A. Suwailem, R. Al-Houtan, M.M. Qaid, M.M. Azzam, E.O. Hussein, "Does slaughter age affect amino acid and lipid levels and health and nutritional values of breast muscles of male and female broiler chickens? ," Poultry Science, 102(11), 103085. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103085

[11] D. Franco, D. Rois, J. A. Vázquez, L. Purriños, R. González, & J. M. Lorenzo, "Breed effect between Mos rooster (Galician indigenous breed) and Sasso T-44 line and finishing feed effect of commercial fodder or corn," Poultry Science, 91(2), 487-498. (2012).DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01546

[12] A. Trocino, A. Piccirillo, M. Birolo, G. Radaelli, D. Bertotto, E. Filiou, ... & G. Xiccato, "Effect of genotype, gender and feed restriction on growth, meat quality and the occurrence of white striping and wooden breast in broiler chickens," Poultry science, 94(12), 2996-3004. (2015). https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev296

[13] N. Chaiwang, K. Marupanthorn, N. Krutthai, W. Wattanakul, S. Jaturasitha, C. Arjin, ... & P. Setthaya, "Assessment of nucleic acid content, amino acid profile, carcass, and meat quality of Thai native chicken," Poultry Science, 102(11), 103067. (2023).‏ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103067

[14] R. Dahl-Lassen, J. van Hecke, H. Jørgensen, C. Bukh, B. Andersen, & J. K. Schjoerring , "High-throughput analysis of amino acids in plant materials by single quadrupole mass spectrometry," Plant Methods, 14, 1-9. (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-018-0277-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13007-018-0277-8

[15] P. Fürst, L. Pollack, T.A. Graser, H. Godel, and P. Stehle, "Appraisal of four pre-column derivatization methods for the high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of free amino acids in biological materials", Journal of Chromatography, 4(99): 557-569. (1990). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)97000-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(00)97000-6

[16] W. He, P. Li, & G. Wu, "Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in chickens. Amino acids in nutrition and health: Amino acids in the nutrition of companion," zoo and farm animals, 109-131.‏ (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_7

[17] B.A. Ochieng, W.O. Owino, JN Kinyuru, JN Mburu, MG Gicheha, "Effect of low tannin sorghum based feeds on broiler meat nutritional quality," Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 2020;2:100078. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2020.100078. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2020.100078

[18] G. Haraf, J. Wołoszyn, A. Okruszek, Z. Goluch, M. Wereńska, & M. Teleszko, "The protein and fat quality of thigh muscles from Polish goose varieties," Poultry Science, 100(4), 100992. (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.01.015

[19] M. Machado, S. Machado, F. B. Pimentel, V. Freitas, R. C. Alves, & M. B. P. Oliveira, "Amino acid profile and protein quality assessment of macroalgae produced in an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system," Foods, 9(10), 1382. (2020). ‏ DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9101382

[20] G. Wu, "Functional amino acids in growth, reproduction, and health," Advances in nutrition, 1(1), 31-37. (2010). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/an.110.1008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/an.110.1008

[21] A. D. Dalle Zotte, G. Tasoniero, G. Baldan, & M. Cullere, "Meat quality of male and female Italian Padovana and Polverara slow-growing chicken breeds," Italian Journal of Animal Science, 18(1), 398-404. (2019). ‏ DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1530963. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2018.1530963

[22] M. Ali, S. Y. Lee, J. Y. Park, S. Jung, C. Jo, & K. C. Nam, "Comparison of functional compounds and micronutrients of chicken breast meat by breeds," Food science of animal resources, 39(4), 632. (2019). ‏ DOI:https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2019.e54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2019.e54

[23] ‏ J. H. ‏Choe, K. C. Nam, S. Jung, B. N. Kim, H. J. Yun, & C. R. Jo, "Differences in the quality characteristics between commercial Korean native chickens and broilers," Food Science of Animal Resources, 30(1), 13-19. (2010). DOI:https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.1.13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.1.13

[24] ‏ G. Wu, F. W. Bazer, Z. Dai, D. Li, J. Wang, & Z. Wu, "Amino acid nutrition in animals: protein synthesis and beyond," Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci., 2(1), 387-417. (2014). ‏ DOI:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-022513-114113

[25] ‏ E. Straková, P. Suchý, I. Herzig, & P. Marada, "Amino Acid Levels In Muscle Tissue Of Six Wild Feathered Species," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 64(5). (2016). DOI:https://doi:10.11118/actaun201664051661. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664051661

[26] ‏ S. Deng, T. Xing, C. Li, X. Xu, & G. Zhou, "The effect of breed and age on the growth performance, carcass traits and metabolic profile in breast muscle of Chinese indigenous chickens," Foods, 11(3), 483.‏ (2022). DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11030483. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11030483

[27] M. J. Kim, R. Parvin, M. M. H. Mushtaq, J. Hwangbo, J. H. Kim, , J. C. Na, ... & H. C. Choi, "Influence of monochromatic light on quality traits, nutritional, fatty acid, and amino acid profiles of broiler chicken meat," Poultry Science, 92(11), 2844-2852. (2013). DOI:https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03159

[28] A. X. Huang, J. J. Li, J. D. Shen, Z. R. Tao, J. D. Ren, G. Q. Li, ... & L. Z. Lu, "Effects of crossbreeding on slaughter traits and breast muscle chemical composition in chinese chickens," Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 13, 247-253. (2011). ‏ DOI:https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2011000400005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2011000400005

[29] C. Bortoluzzi, S. J. Rochell, & T. J. Applegate, "Threonine, arginine, and glutamine: Influences on intestinal physiology, immunology, and microbiology in broilers, " Poultry Science, 97(3), 937-945. (2018). DOI:https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex394

[30] B. C. Debnath, P. Biswas, & B. Roy, "The effects of supplemental threonine on performance, carcass characteristics, immune response and gut health of broilers in subtropics during pre‐starter and starter period," Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 103(1), 29-40. (2019). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12991

[31] M. S. Babiker, S. A. Abbas, C. Kjora, & J. Danier, "The Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels During the Growing Period of Egg-type Pullets on lnternal Egg Characteristics of, " International Journal of Poultry Science, 10(9), 697-704. (2011).

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2011.697.704. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2011.697.704

[32] H. X. Tian, Y. J. Zhang, C. Chen, L. Qin, L. Z. Xiao, H. R. Ma, & H. Y Yu, "Effects of natural ingredients on the shelf life of chicken seasoning, " Food Chemistry, 293, 120-126.‏ (2019).DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.084. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.084

[33] C. G. Scanes, & S. Dridi, "Protein metabolism," In Sturkie's Avian Physiology (pp. 661-686). (2022). Academic Press.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819770-7.00016-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819770-7.00016-5

[34] S. Adhikari, M. Schop, I. J. de Boer, & T. Huppertz, "Protein quality in perspective: a review of protein quality metrics and their applications," Nutrients, 14(5), 947.‏ (2022). DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050947. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050947

‏[35] G. Wu, "Dietary requirements of synthesizable amino acids by animals: a paradigm shift in protein nutrition," Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 5, 1-12.‏ (2014).DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-5-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-1891-5-34

Downloads

Published

31-12-2025

Issue

Vol. 51 No. 2 (2025)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Basrah Researches Sciences

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Comparative Analysis of Amino Acid Profiles in Four Muscle Regions of Local and Ross 308 Broiler Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). (2025). Basrah Researches Sciences, 51(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.56714/bjrs.51.2.2

Most read articles by the same author(s)