Assessment of Certain Trace Elements in Human Tooth Enamel in Urban and Rural Regions of Basrah Governorate Utilizing SEM Technology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56714/bjrs.52.1.5Keywords:
Trace, Tooth enamel, SEM, EDX, Enamel, pollutionAbstract
This current research aims to study the concentrations of certain trace elements in human tooth enamel as a means of detecting environmental pollution in Basra governorate, comparing the results between rural and urban environments and between different age groups. Samples of deciduous and permanent teeth were collected from individuals of both sexes and from multiple regions within the province, and then analyzed using the technique of scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy–dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The findings indicate that the main components of enamel are calcium, phosphorus, and oxygen, and that their proportions vary depending on the age of the individual, housing location, and the type of tooth. Rural samples recorded higher proportions of calcium and phosphorus compared to urban samples, while oxygen and carbon ratios were higher in urban areas. It was also noted that deciduous teeth have different concentrations than permanent teeth, reflecting the different stages of formation and environmental exposure. These results confirm that teeth represent an effective biomarker for assessing the levels of pollution by elements in the environment, and that the variation between regions in Basra governorate reflects the impact of industrial, agricultural, and oil activities on the accumulation of elements in vital tissue
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